In the early hours of June 27, 2025, the streets of Lomé, Togo’s capital, erupted in protest. Thousands of citizens clashed with security forces, demanding President Faure Gnassingbé’s resignation and denouncing what many are calling a “constitutional coup.” To understand the roots of this unrest, we must trace the timeline of controversial constitutional amendments that have fundamentally altered Togo’s political landscape.
Timeline of Togo’s Constitutional Amendments
March 25, 2024:
Togo’s National Assembly, dominated by the ruling party, adopted sweeping constitutional reforms in a late-night session. The amendments shifted the country from a presidential to a parliamentary system, despite vocal opposition from civil society and political opponents.
April 20, 2024:
After a wave of public backlash and calls for broader consultation, the National Assembly held a second vote, unanimously ratifying the amendments just days before the delayed legislative elections. The reforms were denounced as a “constitutional coup” by opposition groups, who warned of mass protests to reject the new system.
May 6, 2024:
The new constitution was formally promulgated. The revised law was still not made public at this stage, fueling further suspicion and anger among the opposition and civil society. Key changes included:
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The president would no longer be elected by popular vote, but by parliament and a newly created senate.
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The presidential term was set at six years, with only honorary powers.
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Real executive power shifted to a new role: President of the Council of Ministers (PCM), chosen by parliament for a six-year term, renewable indefinitely and likely to be held by the current president.
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The amendments did not account for time already served, potentially allowing the current president to remain in power until at least 2033.
Why Are Togolese Citizens Protesting?
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The new constitution effectively removes the direct election of the president by the people, concentrating power in the hands of the ruling party, which controls parliament.
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The creation of the PCM role, with no term limits, is widely viewed as a mechanism for the current president to extend his family’s decades-long rule.
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The reforms were pushed through without a popular referendum, and the text was not made public until after promulgation, undermining transparency and trust.
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Opposition parties, civil society, and religious institutions have condemned the changes as undemocratic and a threat to social cohesion.
Current Situation
As of June 27–28, 2025, protests continue to rock Lomé and other cities. Security forces have responded with tear gas and arrests, but opposition leaders and civil society coalitions vow to keep up the pressure. The situation remains tense, with many fearing further crackdowns.
Conclusion
Togo’s constitutional amendments mark a dramatic shift in the nation’s governance, sparking widespread anger and fear of entrenched autocracy. The coming days will be critical in determining whether popular resistance can force a reconsideration of these reforms—or if the current leadership will further cement its grip on power.
Stay tuned for updates as this story develops—Togo’s future hangs in the balance.
